International Journal of Higher Education Management Volume 10 Issue 02 (August 2024) Issue citation and reference package ======================================================================== 1. Leveraging Quality Management Trilogy: Lahore Universities' QECs' Effective Practices Authors: Zohaib Hassan Sain; Asokan Vasudevan Published: 04 Sep 2024 Article URL: https://ijhem.com/details&cid=100 References: Abbas, S., et al. (2019). Quality Enhancement Cells in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Development.  Abebe, R. T. (2014). Institutionalization of quality Assurance in an Ethiopian public university (master’s thesis). University of Tampere, School of Management Higher Education Administration, Finland.  Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/250134931.pdf  Abusa, F. (2011). Total Quality Management and its Impact on Organizational Performance in Developing Countries: A Case Study on Libya (Doctoral dissertation, the University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia). Retrieved from https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3314/ Ahmad, R., et al. (2018). Enhancing Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Role of Quality Enhancement Cells in Pakistan. Journal of Quality Assurance in Education, 26(4), 457-474. Al-Amri, H. (2012). The Total Quality Management Practices in Yamene Public Universities (Master thesis). Faculty of Technology Management and Business, University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12007788.pdf  Batool, Z., & Qureshi, R. H. (2010). Higher Education Commission Islamabad, Pakistan. Quality Assurance Manual for Higher Education in Pakistan. Bergman, B., Klefsjö, B., & Ashing, K. (2004). Quality from Customer Needs to Customer Satisfaction. Sweden: Student literature. D’ Andrea, V., & Gosling, D. (2005). Improving Teaching and Learning: A Whole Institution Approach. California, United State: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=kX_lAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Dilshad, M., & Iqbal, H. M. (2010). Quality Indicators in Teacher Education Programs. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 30(2), 401-411. Retrieved from https://www.bzu.edu.pk/PJSS/Vol30No22010/Final_PJSS-30-2-16.pdf Economic Advisor’s Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad (2018-2019). Economic Survey of Pakistan, Retrieved from http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_17/Pakistan_ES_2018_19_pdf.pdf  Gift, S. I., & Bell-Hutchinson, C. (2007). Quality Assurance in Higher Education and the Imperatives for Improved Student Experiences in Higher Education: The Case of the University of the West India. Quality in Higher Education,13(2), 145-157. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13538320701629178  Gobind, M., Herani., Saleem, M., & Advani, A. (2015). Measuring the endeavours’ Impact of Quality Enhancement Cell on Quality of Higher Education System in Pakistan: A case of Private and Public Universities in Pakistan. Journal of Management for Global Sustainable Development, Times Research Consultant (TRC),1(1), 37-39. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/trc/journl/v12015i1p37-39.html Hassan, S. S. (2016). Recent education changes at higher education level in Pakistan: English language teachers' perceptions and practices (PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom). Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7662/  Harvey, L., & Newton, J. (October 2005). Transforming Quality Evaluation: Moving on. Paper Presented at the Seminar of Dynamics and Effects of Quality Assurance in Higher Education – Various Perspectives of Quality and Performance at Various levels, Douro, Portugal. Retrieved from  https://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/Harvey%20papers/Harvey%20and%20Newton%202006.pdf   Harvey, L., & Williams, J. (2010). Fifteen Years of Quality in Higher Education (Part Two), Quality in Higher Education, 16(2), 81-113. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13538322.2010.485722 Hodgson, K., Whalley, G. (2007). The Effectiveness of a University’s Administration of its Learning and Teaching. Teaching in Higher Education,12(2), 275-279. Retrieved from DOI: 10.1080/13562510701192107  Hina, A., & Ajmal. M. (2016). Quality Assurance and Enhancement Mechanism in Tertiary Education of Pakistan: Recent Status, Issues and Expectations. Pakistan Journal and Education, 33(1), 103-121 Retrieved from http://journal.aiou.edu.pk/pjeojs/index.php/PJE/article/view/13  Hussain, B. (2011). Quality Assurance Processes for Teaching in Research-led Universities: Implications for Pakistan (master’s thesis), University of Auckland, New Zealand.  Retrieved from https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/19132  Hussain, F., & Akram, M. (2022). Adapting to Change: Role of Quality Enhancement Cells in Transitioning to Online Education During COVID-19. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 39(1), 29-44. Irshad, S. (2012). Quality Assurance Agency. Retrieved on 16 March 2018 Retrieved from http://www.hec.gov.pk/Main.aspx.  Juran, J.M. (1986). The Quality Trilogy: A Universal Approach to Managing for Quality. Juran Institute, Inc: Wilton, CT. Retrieved from  https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Juran-trilogy-1986.pdf Juran, J. M., & Godfrey, A.B. (1999). Juran’s Quality Handbook. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company: United States of America.  Retrieved from https://gmpua.com/QM/Book/quality%20handbook.pdf Khan, A., & Ali, S. (2020). Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) in Higher Education: An Evaluation of Their Impact on University Rankings. Quality in Higher Education, 26(3), 330-347. Malik, N., & Haq, A. (2021). Challenges Faced by Quality Enhancement Cells in Implementing Quality Management in Higher Education Institutions: A Case of Pakistan. Quality & Quantity, 55(3), 721-739. Nadim, Z. S., & Al-Hinai, A. H. (2016). Critical Success Factors of TQM in Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Management, 1(2), 147-156. Retrieved from  https://www.waljatcollege.edu.om/journal/archive-2016.html Naixia, W. (2011). Adult Higher Education in China: Problems and Potential. In: Morgan, W. J. & Wu, B. (eds.) Higher Education Reform in China: Beyond the Expansion. Abingdon Routledge. Retrieved from  https://www.routledge.com/Higher-Education-Reform-in-China-Beyond-the-Expansion/Morgan-Wu/p/book/9780415726160 Neyestani, B. (2017).  Principles and Contributions of Total Quality Management (TQM) Gurus on Business Quality Improvement. Retrieved from  https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77282/1/MPRA_paper_77282.pdf Nichols, M. (2002). Development of a quality assurance system for E-learning projects. Paper presented at the ASCILITE 2002, Auckland, New Zealand. Retrieved from  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/312e/b1c1d93ebbcd7a1484060d6830cb3d771943.pdf  Rana.S, (2009). Quality Management in Higher Education: A Perspective. Paper presented at CBRC, Lahore, Pakistan. Retrieved from  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2196/7593a84234134f0c34c8f8f75c85a27e1178.pdf Raouf, A., & Akhtar, N. A. (2008). Quality Assurance in Higher Education: A Global Perspective. Islamabad, Pakistan: D.G. Administration, Higher Education Commission.  Sahney, S., Banwet, S., & Karunes. (2004). Conceptualizing Total Quality Management in Higher Education. The TQM Magazine, 16(2). 145-159. Retrieved from  https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/09544780410523044 Shah, S. (2016). Higher Education Expansion and Issues of Quality. Paper Presented at 3rd International Conference on Assessing the quality of Higher Education, Lahore, Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saeeda_Shah/publication/267383847_HIGHER_EDUCATION_EXPANSION_IN_PAKISTAN_AND_ISSUES_OF_QUALITY/links/56d992dc08aee1aa5f828920/HIGHER-EDUCATION-EXPANSION-IN-PAKISTAN-AND-ISSUES-OF-QUALITY.pdf?origin=publication_detail  Usmani, A. W., Khatoon, S., Shammot, M. M., & Zamil, A. M. (2012). Towards a Network of Quality Assurance in Higher Education: A Pakistani Model. Archive Des Sciences,65(2012), 224-229. Retrieved from https://www.duhs.edu.pk/departments/qec/downloads/Towards%20a%20Network%20of%20Quality%20Assurance%20in%20Higher%20Education%20A%20Pakistani%20Model.pdf  Waheed, A. H. (2013). A Higher Education Model for Small States: The Maldives Case Study. (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology, Barisbane, Australia). Retrieved from  https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65559/1/Abdul%20Hannan_Waheed_Thesis.pdf  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. A discussion of TikTok’s disregard of UK and US child data policies Authors: Dr. Clifford Fisher; Olivia Hodge; Lydia Barber Published: 04 Sep 2024 Article URL: https://ijhem.com/details&cid=101 References: Data Protection Impact Assessments (no date) ICO. Available at: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/age-appropriate-design-a-code-of-practice-for-online-services/2-data-protection-impact-assessments/ (Accessed: 04 October 2023). About this code (no date) ICO. Available at: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/age-appropriate-design-a-code-of-practice-for-online-services/about-this-code/ (Accessed: 04 October 2023). About: Tiktok - real short videos (no date) TikTok. Available at: https://www.tiktok.com/about?lang=en (Accessed: 30 September 2023). California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) (2023) State of California - Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General. Available at: https://www.oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa#sectionb (Accessed: 04 October 2023). Evans, M. (2018) Why data is the most important currency in commerce today, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelleevans1/2018/03/12/why-data-is-the-most-important-currency-used-in-commerce-today/ (Accessed: 30 September 2023). FAQs on the 15 standards of the children’s code (no date) ICO. Available at: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/faqs-on-the-15-standards-of-the-children-s-code/ (Accessed: 04 October 2023). Fowler, G. (2023) Your kids’ apps are spying on them, The Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/06/09/apps-kids-privacy/ (Accessed: 04 October 2023). Froehlich, N. (2023) Council post: The truth in user privacy and targeted ads, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/02/24/the-truth-in-user-privacy-and-targeted-ads/?sh=51b0c4a+d355e (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Harwell, D. (2022) Remote learning apps shared children’s data at a ‘dizzying scale,’ The Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/05/24/remote-school-app-tracking-privacy/ (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Ico fines TikTok £12.7 million for misusing children’s Data (2023) ICO. Available at: https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/04/ico-fines-tiktok-127-million-for-misusing-children-s-data/ (Accessed: 04 October 2023). Introduction to the children’s code (no date) ICO. Available at: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/introduction-to-the-childrens-code/ (Accessed: 04 October 2023). Leiby, M. (2022) ‘iPad kids’ and the future of early childhood development, Spartan Shield. Available at: https://spartanshield.org/31970/opinion/ipad-kids-and-the-future-of-early-childhood-development/ (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Online tools for teaching & learning (no date) Online Tools for Teaching Learning. Available at: https://blogs.umass.edu/onlinetools/community-centered-tools/schoology/ (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Ritchie, J.N.& A. and Jayanti, S.F.-T., and A. (2022) Video social networking app Musical.ly agree to settle FTC allegations violating children’s privacy law, Federal Trade Commission. Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/video-social-networking-app-musically-agrees-settle-ftc-allegations-it-violated-childrens-privacy (Accessed: 04 October 2023). Ritchie, J.N.& A. and Staff in the Bureau of Competition & Office of Technology (2023) Complying with COPPA: Frequently asked questions, Federal Trade Commission. Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/complying-coppa-frequently-asked-questions (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Rouse, M. (2017) Ad targeting, TECHOPEDIA. Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/30295/ad-targeting (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Searing, L. (2021) One-third of children ages 7 to 9 use social media apps, study says, The Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/social-media-young-kids/2021/11/19/3130ce5a-488a-11ec-95dc-5f2a96e00fa3_story.html (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Singer, N. (2022) Tiktok may face $29 million fine for failing to protect children’s privacy, The New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/technology/tiktok-children-privacy-fine-uk.html#:~:text=Natasha%20Singer %2C%20a%20technology%20reporter, children’s%20online%20privacy%20since%202012. &text=TikTok%2C%20t he%20popular%20video%2Dsharing, privacy%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom. (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Vittorio, A. and Witley, S. (2022) Tiktok Faces ‘pile-on’ pressure from states after Indiana sues, Bloomberg Law. Available at: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/tiktok-faces-pile-on-pressure-from-states-after-indiana-sues (Accessed: 30 September 2023). Zhong, R. and Frenkel, S. (2020) A third of TikTok’s U.S. users may be 14 or under, raising safety questions, The New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/14/technology/tiktok-underage-users-ftc.html (Accessed: 03 October 2023). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Exploring optimal education system: Insights from Ancient Greek philosophy Authors: Monjur Chowdhury; Palto Datta Published: 04 Sep 2024 Article URL: https://ijhem.com/details&cid=102 References:   Annas J. (2007). Ethics in Stoic Philosophy. Phronesis, 52(1), 58-87. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4182824 (date of access: 24th March 2024) Annas J. (2016). Is Stoic Virtue as Off-Putting as it Seems? Retrieved from: https://modernstoicism.com/is-stoic-virtue-as-off-putting-as-it-seems-by-julia-annas/ (date of access: 3rd February n2024) Brickhouse, Thomas C., and Nicholas D. Smith. (2000) The Philosophy of Socrates. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press Delić, Haris, and Senad Bećirović (2016)."Socratic method as an approach to teaching " European Researcher. Series A 10 (2016): 511-517. Debbie Watkins, William Allan Kritsonis (2008) Aristotle, Philosophy, and the Ways of Knowing Through the Realms of Meaning: A National Study on Integrating a Postmodernist Approach to Education and Student Academic Achievement. National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal Volume 21, Number 3, 2008 Downey, (1957). Ancient Education, The Classical Journal, 52, no.8, p. 339 Ed. Sienkewicz, (2007). Education and Training, Ancient Greece, New Jersey: Salem Press, Inc.p.23 Donald Zeyl (2023), What is Ancient Philosophy? What is Ancient Philosophy? | Reviews | Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews | University of Notre Dame (nd.edu) Fahim, M and Banheri, M.B. (2012). “Fostering Critical Thinking through Socratic Questioning.” Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3 (6): 1122-1127 Gita Leitlande (2021), Applicability of Stoic Philosophy to Character Education, Rural Environment. Education. Personality. Vol.14. Issn 2661-5207 Habib Elahi Sahibzada, Shakirullah and Sadaf Naz (2015), Education in the Ancient Greek Civilization—Lessons from the Past, Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XXVI (2015) Hadot, Pierre (2002), What is Ancient Philosophy? translated by Michael Chase, Harvard University Press Irina Gvelesiani (2013). Ancient and contemporary educational systems (significance of past in the formation of future. European Scientific Journal, Vol. 4 Kristjánsson K. (2013). Ten Myths About Character, Virtue and Virtue Education – Plus Three Well-Founded Misgivings. British Journal of Educational Studies, 61(3), 269-287. doi: 10.1080/00071005.2013.778386 Lam, Faith. (1999). "The Socratic method as an approach to learning and its benefits." Lodge, R.C. (2000), first published in 1947. Plato's Theory of Education. Edited by T. I. L. o. Philosophy. Vol. Vol VIII, Ancient Philosophy. London: Routledge. Mavrogenes, (1980). Reading in Ancient Greece, Journal of Reading, 23, no.8, p. 693 More, Thomas (1965), The Complete Works of St. Thomas More, vol. 4, Utopia, ed. S.J., E. Surtz, and Hexter, J. H. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press,  More, T. (2007). Utopia. Tark Classic Fiction Madonna Murphy (2015), Plato’s Philosophy of Education and the Common Core debate, Association for the Development of Philosophy Teaching (ADOPT) Spring Conference, Chicago, IL. De Paul University Norillah binti Abdullah, Rabiu Garba Idris, Norul Hidayah binti Mamat Muhammad and Jamilah Amin Niazi (2022), Socratic Questioning: A Philosophical Approach in Developing Critical Thinking Skills. Al-Hikmah international Journal of Islamic studies and human sciences, special issue Ober, Josiah (2001). The Debate over Civic Education in Classical Athens. in Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Leiden, Neterlands: Koninklijke Brill. p. 179 Paul, R. and Elder, L. (2007) "Critical thinking: The art of Socratic questioning." Journal of developmental education 31, 1 (36). Pierre Hadot. What is Ancient Philosophy? Trans. Michael Chase. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Plutarch, (1960). The Rise and Fall of Athens: Nine Greek Leedsives'tau gutdon: Penguin Classics, p.44 Romaneck G.M. (2007). Reading the stoic Epictetus: a manual for leading. International Journal of Leadership and Education, 10(2), 227-232. doi: 10.1080/13603120601097454 Sedley, David. Main features. Ancient philosophy, 1998, doi:10.4324/9780415249126-A130-1. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis, https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/overview/ancient-philosophy/v-1/sections/main-features. Sutton, J. (2020). Socratic Questioning in Psychology: Examples and Techniques. Acessed July 29, 2022. Retrieved at: https: ://positivepsychology.com/socratic-questioning/. “Socratic Method Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster. MerriamWebster. Accessed February 23, 2022. Retrieved at: https://www.merriam webster.com/dictionary/Socratic%20method. Suhardiana, I. Putu Andre (2019). "Socratic Questioning to Promote Efl Students’ Critical Thinking in A Language Learning." Yavana Bhasha: Journal Of English Language Education 2 (1): 83-102. Tetiana Danylova; Ihor Hoian (2020). Medieval and Renaissance Philosophers on Education, Path of Science. Vol. 6, No 10, DOI: 10.22178/pos.63-8 Whiting K., Konstantakos L., Misiaszek G.W., Simpson E., Carmona L.G. (2018). Education for the Sustainable Global Citizen: What Can We Learn from Stoic Philosophy and Freirean Environmental Pedagogies? Education Sciences, 8(4), 204. doi: 10.3390/educsci8040204   ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. The online information behaviour of first-year PhD students: addressing SDG 4 Authors: Edna Owusu- Bempah Published: 07 Sep 2024 Article URL: https://ijhem.com/details&cid=103 References: Afzal, W., 2017. Conceptualisation and measurement of information needs: a literature review. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 66(2), pp.116-138. Agosto, D.E. and Hughes‐Hassell, S., 2006. Toward a model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers, part 2: Empirical model. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(11), pp.1418-1426. Ajiboye, J.O. and Tella, A., 2007. University Undergraduate Students' Information Seeking Behaviour: Implications for Quality in Higher Education in Africa. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 6(1), pp.40-52. Asogwa, C. and Daniel, T.M., 2021. Information needs and information seeking behaviour of the postgraduate students at the National Institute for Legislative and Democratic studies, Abuja. Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 12(2), pp.62-72 Bexell, M. and Jönsson, K., 2017, January. Responsibility and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. In Forum for development studies (Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 13-29). Routledge. . Budd, J.L., 2015. Self-Regulation in the Doctoral Research Context: Exploring Students’ Responses to a Self-Monitoring Process during PhD Candidature. Case, D.O. and Given, L.M., 2016. Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior. Chikonzo, A. C. & Aina, L. O. (2006). Information Needs and Sources of Information Used by Veterinary Students at the University of Zimbabwe. Quarterly Bulletin International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists (IAALD), 46(1-2), 24-28 Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2002. Research methods in education. Routledge. Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2016. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Farashi, B. I., 2022. exploring the information seeking behavior of colleges of education students in northeast Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Information Systems. Gordon, I.D., Meindl, P., White, M. and Szigeti, K., 2018. Information seeking behaviors, attitudes, and choices of academic chemists. Science & Technology Libraries, 37(2), pp.130-151. Hamid, S., Bukhari, S., Ravana, S.D., Norman, A.A. and Ijab, M.T., 2016. Role of social media in information-seeking behaviour of international students: A systematic literature review. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 68(5), pp.643-666. Horta, H., 2009. Holding a post-doctoral position before becoming a faculty member: does it bring benefits for the scholarly enterprise? Higher Education, 58(5), pp.689-721. Kerins, G., Madden, R. and Fulton, C., 2004. Information Seeking and Students Studying for Professional Careers: The Cases of Engineering and Law Students in Ireland. Information Research: An international electronic journal, 10(1), p.n1. Kundu, D.K., 2017. Models of information seeking behaviour: A comparative study. International Journal of Library and Information Studies, 7(4). Lowery, K., Geesa, R.L. and McConnell, K., 2019. Self-regulated learning of mentees and mentors in an education doctorate peer mentoring program. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 31(2), pp.186-209. Lu, T. and Franklin, A.L., 2018. A protocol for identifying and sampling proxy populations. Social Science Quarterly, 99(4), pp.1535-1546. Mansour, E., 2017. An explanatory study into the information seeking-behaviour of Egyptian beggars. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 49(1), pp.91-106. Mertens, D.M., 2023. Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Mohammed, R.N., 2020. POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS’ INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR IN THE FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO, NIGERIA. American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 6(4), pp.1-14. Mooko, N. and Aina, L., 2006. Information needs and information seeking behaviour of artisan fisher folk of Uganda. Rubinić, D., 2014. Information behaviour of university students: a literature review. Libellarium: časopis za istraživanja u području informacijskih i srodnih znanosti, 7(1), pp.105-118. Russell, J.M., Baik, C., Ryan, A.T. and Molloy, E., 2022. Fostering self-regulated learning in higher education: Making self-regulation visible. Active Learning in Higher Education, 23(2), pp.97-113. Sharma, G., 2017. Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International journal of applied research, 3(7), pp.749-752. Van Damme, D. and Kärkkäinen, K., 2011. OECD Education Today Crisis Survey 2010: The impact of the economic recession and fiscal crisis on education in OECD countries. Wilson, T.D., 1997. Information behaviour: an interdisciplinary perspective. Information processing & management, 33(4), pp.551-572. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. The digital evolution- needs to adapt education for a Tech-Savvy Generation Authors: Iris Billy; Hannah Anush Published: 25 Sep 2024 Article URL: https://ijhem.com/details&cid=104 References: Amirian, S. (2007). Digital backpacks: Facilitating faculty implementation of technologies for teaching and learning. Computers in the Schools, 24(1/2), 5–14. Anderson, R. E., & Dexter, S. L. (2005). School technology leadership: An empirical investigation of prevalence and effect. Educational Administration Quarterly, 41(1), 49–82. Araya, N. M. M., & Avila, R. S. H. (2018). Collaborative learning through integration of environments real and virtual-immersive. In 2018 37th International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) (pp. 1–8). IEEE. Argôlo, M., Miranda, M., Pagliusi, R., de Lima, Y. O., dos Santos, H., Barbosa, C. E., ... & de Souza, J. (2022, August). Managing Knowledge About Future of Work: A Model for Higher Education Institutions. In European Conference on Knowledge Management (Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 28-36). Calvo-Mora, A., Navarro-García, A., & Periañez-Cristobal, R. (2015). Project to improve knowledge management and key business results through the EFQM excellence model. International Journal of Project Management, 33(8), 1638-1651. Hariadi, Bambang, M. J. Dewiyani, and Pantjawati Sudarmaningtyas. 2016. “Development of Web-Based Learning Application for Generation Z.” International Journal of Evaluation                 and Research in Education (IJERE)5(1):60–68. Macleod, Cheri. 2015. “iPads in the Classroom: Trials in a Technical College in Qatar.” 12:1–16. Hsu, P., & Sharma, P. (2008). A case study of enabling factors in the technology integration change process. Educational Technology & Society, 11(4), 213–228. Iiyoshi, T., Hannafin, M. J., & Wang, F. (2005). Cognitive tools and student-centered learning: Rethinking tools, functions and applications. Educational Media International, 42(4), 281–296. Januariyansah, S., & Rohmantoro, D. (2018). The role of digital classroom facilities to accommodate learning process of the z and alpha generations. The 2nd International Conference On Child-Friendly Education (ICCE) 2018. Kennedy, G., Krause, K., Gray, K., Judd, T., Churchward, A. (2008). First year students’ experience with technology: Are they really digital natives? In Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24 (1), 108-122 Manchanda, M., & Arora, J. (2023). Higher Education’s Position in Shaping the Workforce of the Future and the Importance of Adapting to the Digital Age. International Journal of Educational Reform, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879231211285 Murniarti, E., Simbolon, B. R., Purwoko, R. Y., Fatmawati, E., & Hariyanto, H. (2023). Empowering Tech-Savvy Youth Education in Society 5.0: Transforming Learning for the Digital Future. ENDLESS: International Journal of Futures Studies, 6(3), 303-316. Persada, S. F., Miraja, B. A., & Nadlifatin, R. (2019). Understanding the Generation Z Behavior on D-Learning: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Approach. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(5). Tlili, A., Huang, R., Shehata, B., Liu, D., Zhao, J., Metwally, A. H. S., ... & Burgos, D. (2022). Is Metaverse in education a blessing or a curse: a combined content and bibliometric analysis. Smart Learning Environments, 9(1), 1-31. Van Wyk, B. (2021, September). How a Higher Education Institute Manages Intellectual Capital and Digital Scholarship Towards Being a Learning Organisation: A Case Study. In European Conference on Knowledge Management (pp. 794-802). Academic Conferences International Limited. ------------------------------------------------------------------------