Cannabis education College campus Medgar Evers College Social equity Legislating cannabis Cannabis science Cannabis research
This paper illuminates how introducing cannabis on a college campus parallels the transition of cannabis in U.S. society moving from legitimate to illegal to legalization to corporate to academia. Using a case study methodology, the purpose of this research is to examine how a college or university might respond to a new industry opportunity. In response to a campus charge, student demand and industry demand, a small college located in the heart of Brooklyn, New York City answered a call to advocate on behalf of its student- and community members. Over a period of two-years, a new cannabis education and programs initiative was introduced to the campus within the backdrop of such actions being viewed as controversial. Introduction and approval of cannabis education on a campus required critical campus stakeholders to undergo change-shaping events over time that led to shifts in their attitudinal thinking.
Throughout the two-year period, new courses were co-created by campus faculty and leading cannabis voices in the U.S. that included industry, investors, academics, and alumni who had accumulated cannabis expertise. The newly created rigorous and science-heavy curriculum spanned multiple academic departments and offering cross-listed courses, certificates, scholarships, industry-academic research, entrepreneurial assistance, various types of advocacies, and internship and employment pipelines. This study contributes to the body of higher education literature by mapping out steps institutions of higher learning might take to garner broad campus support for cannabis education
Full Text : PDF
- Arcview Market Report (2019). Arcview Group, Intrado GlobalNewswire.
- Adinoff, B., & Reiman, A. (2019). Implementing social justice in the transition from illicit to legal cannabis. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 45(6), pp. 673-688.
- Ayers, J. (2019) The need for federal regulation of marijuana marketing. JAMA. 321(22), pp. 2163–2164.
- Barcott, B., Whitnet, B., & Bailey, J. (2021). Legal cannabis now supports 321,000 full-time American jobs. Jobs Report 2021. pp 1-16.
- Black, B. (2020) Creating a qualified cannabis workforce: How higher education can support cannabis career pathway. 9th International Conference on Business & Economic Development. Online. August 22, 2020.
- Bodwitch, H., Carah, J., Daane, K. M., Getz, C., Grantham, T. E., Hickey, G. M., &
- Wilson, H. (2019). Growers say cannabis legalization excludes small growers, supports illicit markets, undermines local economies. California Agriculture, 73(3), 177–183.
- Bunting, W.C., Garcia, L., & Edwards, E. (2013) The war on marijuana in black and white. American Civil Liberties Union, June, pp. 1-190.
- Caligiuri, F.J., Ulrich, E.E., & Welter, K.J. (2018). Pharmacy student knowledge, confidence and attitudes toward medical cannabis and curricular coverage. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(5), pp. 424-432.
- Cheng, C., Mayer, W.J., & Mayer, Y. (2018). The effect of legalizing retail marijuana on housing values: Evidence from Colorado. Economic Inquiry, 56(3), pp. 1585-1601.
- Collins, J. (2020). A Brief History of Cannabis and the Drug Conventions. AJIL Unbound, 114, pp. 279-284.
- Coopman, S. & Coopman, T. (2020). ExperientialLearning@SocialMedia.edu: Using the tech start-up concept to train, engage, and inform students. Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal. 13, pp. 1-29.
- Corso, R. (2020) Building an Innovative and Entrepreneurial Dimension in an Institution of Higher Education. Higher Education for the Future, 7(2), pp. 200-214
- Crowder, L. (2019). The rapid evolution of UC cannabis research. California agriculture 73(3-4), 106-112.R-15.
- Crump, M.E.C., Rolle, J.D., Reid, A.E., & Brevett, R. (2020). Faculty impact on campus survivability through student experience: An appeal to reengineer faculty offerings to students at at-risk colleges facing existential threat. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Business & Economic Development, online. August 22, 2020.
- Crump, M.E.S., Hills, N.J., & Hardin, B.W. (2018). Informal economy as a cause for understating actual rates of entrepreneurship among blacks in the U.S. and in Africa. International Journal of Business & Economic Development, 6(3), 15-28.
- Crump, M.E.S., Singh, R.P, Wilbon, A.D., & Gibbs, S.R. (2015). Socio-demographic differences of black versus white entrepreneurs. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 21(1), pp. 115-129.
- Crump, M.E.S. (2013). Black entrepreneurship: Formal versus informal economy exploitation. Washington Business Research Journal, 3(1), pp. 85-111.
- DiDiodato, G., Hassan, S., & Cooley, K. (2021). Elicitation of stakeholder viewpoints about medical cannabis research for pain management in critically ill ventilated patients: A Q-methodology study. PLoS ONE, 16(3). pp. 1-11.
- Dills, A. K., Goffard, S., Miron, J., & Partin, E. (2021). The Effect of State Marijuana Legalizations: 2021 Update. Cato Institute, Policy Analysis, 908, pp. 1-40.
- Erickson, B (2020). Cannabis research stalled by federal inaction. US scientists face numerous barriers to studying health effects of cannabis. C&EN 98(25), pp. 2-10.
- Ferraiolo, K. (2007) From Killer Weed to Popular Medicine: The Evolution of American Drug Control Policy, 1937–2000. Journal of Policy History, 19(2), pp. 147 - 179.
- Fromhold-Eisebith, M. & Werker, C. (2013). Universities’ functions in knowledge transfers: A geographical perspective. The Annals of Regional Science, 51, pp. 621-643.
- Ghiabi, M., Maarefvand, M., Bahari, H., & Alavi, V. (2018). Islam and cannabis: Legalisation and religious debate in Iran. International Journal of Drug Policy, 56, pp. 121–127.
- Grech, V. (2019). Towards evidence-based medical cannabis. Malta Medical Journal 31(2), pp. 3-8.
- Grey, S. (2016). Cannabis and spirituality. Park Street Press, Rochester, Vermot.
- Hasse, J. (2019,). U.S. Universities offering cannabis – focused graduate programs and masters. Forbes, July 17.
- Harris, K., Matin, W. (2021). Persistent Inequities in Cannabis Policy. The Judges' journal. 60(1), pp. 9-13.
- HMS Communications (2019). $9 million donation earmarked for cannabis research. The Harvard Gazette.
- Hill, K.P., & Palastro, M.D. (2017). Medical cannabis for the treatment of chronic pain and other disorders: misconceptions and facts. Poli Arch Intern Med, pp. 1-5
- Hillerbrand, R., & Werker, C. (2019). Values in University–Industry Collaborations: The Case of Academics Working at Universities of Technology. Science & Engineering Ethics, 25(6), pp. 1633–1656.
- Ipsos, (2020) Universities: Perceptions impacts and benefits – Higher Education around the world. Fulbright Commission, University of California and King’s College London, Survey.
- Kilmer, B. (2019). How will cannabis legalization affect health, safety, and social equity outcomes? It largely depends on the 14 Ps. American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 45(6). pp. 664–672.
- Kedia, B. L., Clampit, J., & Gaffney, N. (2014). Globalizing Historically Black Business Schools: A Case Study of the Application of Modern Pedagogical Theories of Internationalizing Higher Education. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 25(3), 214–234.
- Kruger, D., Kruger, J.S., Bednarczyk, E.M., & Prescott Jr., W.A. (2021) Cannabis education in United States Pharmacy Colleges and Schools Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Advances in Clinical Pharmacy Education & Training.
- Lashley, K., & Pollock, T. G. (2020). Waiting to Inhale: Reducing Stigma in the Medical Cannabis Industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 65(2), 434–482.
- Lee, M. J., Rittschof, C. C., Greenlee, A. J., Turi, K. N., Rodriguez-Zas, S. L.,
- Robinson, G. E., Cole, S. W., & Mendenhall, R. (2021). Transcriptomic analyses of black women in neighborhoods with high levels of violence. Psych neuroendocrinology, 127, pp. 1-8.
- Mishra, S. (2020) Social networks, social capital, social support, and academic success in higher education: A systematic review with a special focus on ‘underrepresented’ students. Educational Research Review 29(100301), pp. 1-24.
- Musto, D.F. (1991). Opium, cocaine, and marijuana in American history. Scientific American 265(1), pp. 20–27.
- OECD. (2020, June 18). Resourcing higher education: Challenges, choices, and consequences. OECD Report, pp. 1-168.
- Parker, S. (2020). The future of higher education in a disruptive world. KPMG International Report, pp. 1-30.
- Prigge, G. W. (2005). University-Industry partnerships: What do they mean to universities? A review of the literature. Industry and Higher Education, 19(3). pp. 221-229.
- Rankin, J., Garrett, R., & MacGill, B., (2021). Critical encounters: Enacting social justice through creative and body-based learning.” Australian Educational Researcher, 48(2), pp. 281–302
- Rahwanji, M. (2019). Hash’ing out inequality in the legal recreational cannabis industry. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business 39(3), pp. 333–357.
- Schwartz, J. (2020). Work disrupted: Opportunity, resilience, and growth in the accelerated future of work. Wiley, New Jersey, USA.
- Singh, R.P., Knox, E.L., & Crump, M.E.S. (2008). Opportunity recognition differences between black and white nascent entrepreneurs: A test of Bhave’s model. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(1), pp. 59-75.
- Taneja, H. (2018). Unscaled: How AI and a new generation of upstarts are creating the economy of the future. Clays Ltd. St Ives plc, Great Britain.
- Terry, C.E. (1915). The Harrison Anti-Narcotic Act. American Journal of Public Health 5(6), pp. 518.
- Tholen, G, Relly, S.J., Warhurst, C., & Commander, J. (2016). Competency development in business graduates: An industry-driven approach for examining the alignment of undergraduate business education with industry requirements. British Educational Research Journal, 42(3), pp. 508-523.
- Vannabouathong, C., Zhu, M., Chang, Y., & Bhandari, M. (2021). Can medical cannabis therapies be cost-effective in the non-surgical management of chronic knee pain? Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis & Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, pp. 1-10.
- Vitiello, M. (2021). The war on drugs: moral panic and excessive sentences. Cleveland State Law Review, 69(2), pp. 441–483.
- Watenberg, A. (2021) Cannabis and the Environment: What Science Tells Us and What We Still Need to Know. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 8 (2), 98–107
- Zolotova, Y. (2021) Medical cannabis education among healthcare trainees: A scoping review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 58, (102675), pp. 1-8.